{"id":132434,"date":"2026-07-15T18:49:18","date_gmt":"2026-07-15T21:49:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gchb.mule.com.ar\/?p=132434"},"modified":"2026-07-15T18:49:27","modified_gmt":"2026-07-15T21:49:27","slug":"nove-aztecke-kralovstvi-rozvijejte-se-a-muzete-odpadnout-dobre-stranky-od-skvele-valecnicke-zeme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gchb.mule.com.ar\/?p=132434","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e9 Azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed: Rozv\u00edjejte se a m\u016f\u017eete odpadnout dobr\u00e9 str\u00e1nky od skv\u011bl\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dnick\u00e9 zem\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"toc\" style=\"background: #f9f9f9;border: 1px solid #aaa;display: table;margin-bottom: 1em;padding: 1em;width: 350px;\">\n<p style=\"font-weight: 700;text-align: center;\">Obsah<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#ahuitzotl\">Ahuitzotl<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#early-years-of-expansion\">Ran\u00e1 l\u00e9ta expanze<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#society-and-culture-of-the-aztecs\">Sousedstv\u00ed a kultura va\u0161ich Azt\u00e9k\u016f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#the-arrival-of-the-spaniards\">\u010cerstv\u00fd p\u0159\u00edchod \u0160pan\u011bl\u016f<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Kdykoli je v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00fd altepetl skute\u010dn\u011b pora\u017een, v\u00edt\u011bz vynucoval ro\u010dn\u00ed da\u0148 z p\u0159\u00edjmu, v\u017edy placenou ve form\u011b m\u00edstn\u00edho vybaven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je jinak velmi v\u00fdhodn\u00e9. Jednotliv\u00e9 m\u011bsto mohlo m\u00edt t\u00fddenn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky (cel\u00fd p\u011bt dn\u00ed), zat\u00edmco velk\u00e9 metropole m\u011bly segmenty denn\u011b. Tato oprava znamenala velk\u00e9 obnoven\u00ed role mexick\u00e9 \u0161lechty v podob\u011b tlatloque, kdy mohl b\u00fdt vybran\u00fd uchaze\u010d postoupen odborn\u00edkovi k ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a schv\u00e1len\u00ed. Definice slova cuauhtlatoani je tak\u00e9 zahrnuta v kodexech z po\u010d\u00e1tku 16. <!--more--> stolet\u00ed, aby vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila pov\u011bst prvn\u00edch mexick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f p\u0159i jejich migraci z Aztl\u00e1nu. Vl\u00e1dl pouh\u00fdch 80 dn\u00ed a zem\u0159el b\u011bhem epidemie ne\u0161tovic, i kdy\u017e ran\u00e9 zdroje neuv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed d\u016fvod. Pot\u00e9, co odhalil slabost, se n\u011bkolik metropol\u00ed vzbou\u0159ilo, a proto se velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st Tizocova rychl\u00e9ho veden\u00ed soust\u0159edila na potla\u010den\u00ed povst\u00e1n\u00ed a udr\u017een\u00ed kontroly nad oblastmi dobyt\u00fdmi jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdci.<\/p>\n<p>Takov\u00e1 legislativa vy\u017eadovala z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9, ve\u0159ejn\u011b spravovan\u00e9 tresty, kter\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bly pr\u00e1vn\u00ed v\u00fdklad ze spole\u010densk\u00e9 perspektivy. Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nab\u00eddkou, kter\u00e1 se t\u00fdk\u00e1 soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du, je m\u00edsto z koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed doby franti\u0161k\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho Toribia de Benavente Motolinia, franti\u0161k\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho ar\u00e9ny Juana de Torquemada a texask\u00fdch historik\u016f Juana Bautisty Pomara a Fernanda de Alvy Cort\u00e9se Ixtlilxochitla. Obdob\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e \u017eil, se datuje od Ollintonatiuh, neboli obdob\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00edho svitu, o kter\u00e9m se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo, \u017ee poch\u00e1z\u00ed z posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00ed a pot\u00e9, co lidstvo zahynulo. Militaristick\u00e1 interpretace v\u00edry Nahua, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b zbo\u017en\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed slunce, kter\u00e9ho Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 Huitzilopochtli vedl k expanzi vlastn\u00edho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Star\u00e9 mexick\u00e9 civilizace byly v\u017edy st\u0159edem pozornosti nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu mexick\u00fdch i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch student\u016f. Vstupn\u00e9 nutn\u00e9. Kdy\u017e byl v roce 1875 v Nancy ve Francii zalo\u017een Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kongres amerikanist\u016f, mexi\u010dt\u00ed studenti se stali aktivn\u00edmi odborn\u00edky a Mexico City po\u0159\u00e1dalo nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/abuking777.com\/cs\/\">dobr\u00e9 str\u00e1nky<\/a> dvouletou multidisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed konferenci od roku 1895. Na azt\u00e9ck\u00fdch n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00fdch malb\u00e1ch jsou lid\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bni tak, jak jsou vyobrazeni v kodexech. Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Codex Borbonicus je zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako jedin\u00fd dochovan\u00fd azt\u00e9ck\u00fd kodex vytvo\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159ed dobyt\u00edm \u2013 je to kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed kodex s uveden\u00edm dn\u016f a t\u00fddn\u016f a patron\u016f z jin\u00fdch obdob\u00ed. I kdy\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 kodexy byly vytvo\u0159eny po dobyt\u00ed, existuje d\u016fvod se domn\u00edvat, \u017ee je p\u00edsa\u0159i okop\u00edrovali z p\u0159edkolumbovsk\u00fdch origin\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Asymetrie mimo moc vyvolan\u00e9 mezi t\u011bmito oblastmi si n\u00e1rokovaly Tenochtitl\u00e1n nad ostatn\u00edmi v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let. Pot\u00e9, co Nahuov\u00e9 v roce 1428 zalo\u017eili novou \u0159\u00ed\u0161i a kter\u00e1 poprv\u00e9 zah\u00e1jila program expanze v d\u016fsledku dobyt\u00ed, z\u016fstal nov\u00fd altepetl dominantn\u00edm typem organizace na m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00farovni. Ran\u00e9 azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00edce jsou obdob\u00edm rozvoje a m\u016f\u017eete bojovat s jedn\u00edm z altepeme. Typ vl\u00e1dc\u016f je \u010dasto ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, ale v\u011bt\u0161ina \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e byla ve skute\u010dnosti organizov\u00e1na jako m\u011bstsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e (osobn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako altepetl v Nahuatlu, jazyce Azt\u00e9k\u016f). Byla etnicky velmi rozmanit\u00e1 jako v\u011bt\u0161ina evropsk\u00fdch \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed, ale ve skute\u010dnosti se jedn\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e o s\u00ed\u0165 poplatn\u00edk\u016f ne\u017e o jednotnou formu vl\u00e1dy. Cort\u00e9sov\u00e9 z Tenochtitl\u00e1nu bojuj\u00ed proti Narv\u00e1ezi, zat\u00edmco vy, jeho druh\u00fd v po\u0159ad\u00ed, Pedro de Alvarado zmasakroval skupinu azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 \u0161lechty, aby vytvo\u0159il soubor lidsk\u00fdch por\u00e1\u017eek na po\u010dest Huitzilopochtliho.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"early-years-of-expansion\">Dobr\u00e9 str\u00e1nky: Velmi brzy n\u011bkolik let expanze<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.restaurantguru.com\/w550\/h367\/r74f-emblem-KAJOT-LOUNGE.jpg\" alt=\"dobr\u00e9 str\u00e1nky\" align=\"right\" border=\"1\" ><\/p>\n<p>Nov\u00e9 Mexiko v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee slunce pot\u0159ebuje v\u00fd\u017eivu pro funkci, kter\u00e1 vede z lidsk\u00e9ho krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu k denn\u00edmu v\u00fdchodu. Vedeni sv\u00fdm patronem Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161em Huitzilopochtlim, nov\u00fdm bo\u017estvem slunce a sv\u011bta, putovali a hledali m\u00edsto, kde se m\u011bli usadit. Mysleli si, \u017ee zem\u011b pro\u0161la n\u011bkolika kosmick\u00fdmi v\u011bky, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u011bl sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed paprsky, ale nakonec ka\u017ed\u00e1 komunita byla zni\u010dena a nahrazena jin\u00fdm a\u017e do 5. a mo\u017en\u00e1 a\u017e do desetilet\u00ed &#8211; modern\u00ed pro Azt\u00e9ky. 584. stolet\u00ed od v\u00fdchodu Venu\u0161e bylo tak\u00e9 velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 a existuje velk\u00e9 52let\u00e9 obdob\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00edho svitu. Bitvy se soust\u0159edily uvnit\u0159 nebo kolem velk\u00fdch m\u011bst, pro p\u0159\u00edpad, \u017ee by nov\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1dli cel\u00e9 okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Byly vyb\u00edr\u00e1ny b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 pocty a zajatci byli odvezeni do Tenochtitl\u00e1nu, aby z\u00edskali b\u011b\u017enou ztr\u00e1tu. Nov\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed d\u00e1le rostlo od roku 1430 a azt\u00e9ck\u00e1 arm\u00e1da \u2013 pos\u00edlen\u00e1 odvody v\u0161ech mu\u017e\u016f, mu\u017e\u016f ze spojeneck\u00fdch i dobyt\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed, a nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010dlen\u016f elitn\u00edch skupin azt\u00e9ck\u00fdch zem\u00ed, jako byli v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci Orl\u016f a Jaguar\u016f \u2013 smetla sv\u00e9 soupe\u0159e. Profesion\u00e1lov\u00e9 sv\u011bta, jejich kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed bylo tak rozlehl\u00e9 a hojn\u00e9, \u017ee dobyli v\u0161echny zem\u011b.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V t\u00e9 dob\u011b se Tenochtitl\u00e1n rozvinul ve v\u00fdznamnou m\u011bstskou oblast a za jejich podporu Tepanek\u016f byli odm\u011bn\u011bni z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00edm Texcoca, co\u017e byla velk\u00e1 pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 provincie.<\/li>\n<li>Itzcoatl pot\u00e9 podnikl dobyt\u00ed \u00fadol\u00ed u Morelosu a odhalil tak stav m\u011bsta Cuauhnahuac (nyn\u00ed Cuernavaca).<\/li>\n<li>Nov\u00ed Mexikov\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0161li do oblasti mimo Mexiko pozd\u011b a metropolitn\u00ed okres se soust\u0159edil mimo Tenochtitl\u00e1n na neperspektivn\u00ed ostr\u016fvky v \u0159ece Texcoco, kter\u00e9 se staly novou prominentn\u00ed moc\u00ed Azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 trojspolku nebo Azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a dobyly v\u011bt\u0161inu ostatn\u00edch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rok\u016f v Mezoamerice.<\/li>\n<li>Slune\u010dn\u00ed paprsky m\u011bly pro Azt\u00e9ky p\u0159irozen\u011b velkou hodnotu.<\/li>\n<li>Mezi osobn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed metody, kter\u00e9 budete pou\u017e\u00edvat, pat\u0159\u00ed stolov\u00e1n\u00ed, vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f, pohyb a ceremoni\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed, nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mezoamerick\u00e1 hra, a prohrajete, proto\u017ee jste mimo provoz, pokud neprovedete prodlou\u017een\u00ed sv\u00fdch t\u00fddn\u016f a \u00farove\u0148 va\u0161eho \u017eivota.<\/li>\n<li>Nakonec to byli otroci, obvykle konfliktn\u00ed zajatci nebo dlu\u017en\u00edci, kter\u00e9 si stejn\u011b oba vyslou\u017e\u00edte, jinak si vyberete nez\u00e1vislost.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nov\u00ed Azt\u00e9kov\u00e9 uct\u00edvali n\u011bkolik boh\u016f, krom\u011b Huitzilopochtliho (boha boje) a Tlaloca (boha de\u0161t\u011b). V region\u00e1ln\u00edch oblastech, v\u010detn\u011b slavn\u00e9ho pole Tlatelolco, se pova\u017eovaly produkty od j\u00eddla po l\u00e1tky a\u017e po dovoz, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad nefritov\u00e9 a quetzalov\u00e9 pe\u0159\u00ed. Oby\u010dejn\u00ed lid\u00e9 \u017eili v men\u0161\u00edch, jednopokojov\u00fdch domech z nep\u00e1len\u00fdch cihel nebo kamene, zat\u00edmco \u0161lechtici \u017eili ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch, propracovan\u011b zdoben\u00fdch obydl\u00edch. Um\u011bn\u00ed bylo tak\u00e9 pou\u017eito jako propaganda k \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9 purpurov\u00e9 prominence z Tenochtitl\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.captaingambling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/justbet-casino-header.png.webp\" alt=\"dobr\u00e9 str\u00e1nky\" border=\"0\" align=\"right\" style=\"padding: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p>Proto\u017ee se t\u0159i m\u011bsta nomin\u00e1ln\u011b d\u011blila o moc, Tenochtitl\u00e1n se brzy stal prominentn\u00edm m\u011bstem. Podle jeho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f poch\u00e1zel z \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 mytick\u00e9 domoviny zvan\u00e9 Aztl\u00e1letter, oblasti sedmi jeskyn\u00ed, z nich\u017e jeho p\u0159edkov\u00e9 vy\u0161li. Siln\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci z\u00edsk\u00e1vali privilegia, majetek, pen\u00edze a dokonce i nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed tituly. Azt\u00e9kov\u00e9 up\u0159ednost\u0148ovali r\u016fzn\u00e9 formy sportu, v\u010detn\u011b hudby, tance, poezie a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f. Oby\u010dejn\u00ed lid\u00e9 nosili jednoduch\u00e9 oble\u010den\u00ed, jako jsou bedern\u00ed rou\u0161ky a tuniky, zat\u00edmco \u0161lechtici se zdobili jemn\u00fdmi bavln\u011bn\u00fdmi \u0161aty, \u0161perky a slo\u017eit\u00fdmi pokr\u00fdvkami hlavy. Chr\u00e1my, svatyn\u011b a tradice, stejn\u011b jako lidsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti, byly kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro udr\u017een\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 harmonie.<\/p>\n<p>U \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho z nich nen\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b potvrzeno, \u017ee byl vytvo\u0159en p\u0159ed nov\u00fdm dobyt\u00edm, nicm\u00e9n\u011b u n\u011bkolika kodex\u016f se o\u010dek\u00e1valo, \u017ee budou namalov\u00e1ny bu\u010f t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed nov\u00fdm dobyt\u00edm, nebo co nejd\u0159\u00edve po n\u011bm \u2013 je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e byl zp\u016fsob jejich v\u00fdroby v\u00fdrazn\u011b naru\u0161en. Polychromovan\u00e1 keramika byla dov\u00e1\u017eena z oblasti Cholula (ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 jako styl Mixteca-Puebla) a tyto v\u00fdrobky byly od t\u00e9 doby velmi cen\u011bny jako luxusn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, zat\u00edmco m\u00edstn\u00ed \u010dern\u00fd a\u017e oran\u017eov\u00fd vzhled slou\u017eil i k p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u00e9mu hran\u00ed. Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1doby k p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u00e9mu objevov\u00e1n\u00ed pat\u0159ily hlin\u011bn\u00e9 grilovac\u00ed p\u00e1nve (comalli), misky a tal\u00ed\u0159e (caxitl), n\u00e1doby na va\u0159en\u00ed (comitl), molcajetes neboli hmo\u017ed\u00ed\u0159e s vy\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00fdmi dr\u00e1\u017ekami na mlet\u00ed chilli (molcaxitl) a dal\u0161\u00ed druhy ohni\u0161\u0165, trojno\u017ekov\u00fdch tal\u00ed\u0159\u016f a dvouk\u00f3nick\u00fdch poh\u00e1r\u016f. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je poezie d\u00edlem soukrom\u00fdch autor\u016f, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad Nezahualcoyotl, tlatoani z Texcoca, a Cuacuauhtzin, p\u00e1n Tepechpanu, av\u0161ak zda tato p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 autorstv\u00ed, je ot\u00e1zkou \u00fahlu pohledu. Nov\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed zahrnovalo tvorbu a zdoben\u00ed, zp\u011bv a skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed b\u00e1sn\u00ed, socha\u0159stv\u00ed a propagaci mozaik, v\u00fdrobu kvalitn\u00ed keramiky, v\u00fdrobu modern\u00edho pe\u0159\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f, m\u011bdi a st\u0159\u00edbra.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Obsah Ahuitzotl Ran\u00e1 l\u00e9ta expanze Sousedstv\u00ed a kultura va\u0161ich Azt\u00e9k\u016f \u010cerstv\u00fd p\u0159\u00edchod \u0160pan\u011bl\u016f Kdykoli je v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00fd altepetl skute\u010dn\u011b pora\u017een, v\u00edt\u011bz vynucoval ro\u010dn\u00ed da\u0148 z p\u0159\u00edjmu, v\u017edy placenou ve form\u011b m\u00edstn\u00edho&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-132434","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-sin-categoria"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gchb.mule.com.ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/132434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gchb.mule.com.ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gchb.mule.com.ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gchb.mule.com.ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gchb.mule.com.ar\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=132434"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gchb.mule.com.ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/132434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":132435,"href":"https:\/\/gchb.mule.com.ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/132434\/revisions\/132435"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gchb.mule.com.ar\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=132434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gchb.mule.com.ar\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=132434"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gchb.mule.com.ar\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=132434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}